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Associations of Dietary Intake with the Intestinal Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Among Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity.
Igudesman, Daria; Crandell, Jamie L; Corbin, Karen D; Hooper, Julie; Thomas, Joan M; Bulik, Cynthia M; Pence, Brian W; Pratley, Richard E; Kosorok, Michael R; Maahs, David M; Carroll, Ian M; Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.
  • Igudesman D; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA. Electronic address: daria.igudesman@adventhealth.com.
  • Crandell JL; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Corbin KD; AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA.
  • Hooper J; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
  • Thomas JM; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Bulik CM; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Pence BW; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Pratley RE; AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA.
  • Kosorok MR; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Maahs DM; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
  • Carroll IM; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Mayer-Davis EJ; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
J Nutr ; 153(4): 1178-1188, 2023 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2296850
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Diet, a key component of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management, modulates the intestinal microbiota and its metabolically active byproducts-including SCFA-through fermentation of dietary carbohydrates such as fiber. However, the diet-microbiome relationship remains largely unexplored in longstanding T1D.

OBJECTIVES:

We evaluated whether increased carbohydrate intake, including fiber, is associated with increased SCFA-producing gut microbes, SCFA, and intestinal microbial diversity among young adults with longstanding T1D and overweight or obesity.

METHODS:

Young adult men and women with T1D for ≥1 y, aged 19-30 y, and BMI of 27.0-39.9 kg/m2 at baseline provided stool samples at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 mo of a randomized dietary weight loss trial. Diet was assessed by 1-2 24-h recalls. The abundance of SCFA-producing microbes was measured using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. GC-MS measured fecal SCFA (acetate, butyrate, propionate, and total) concentrations. Adjusted and Bonferroni-corrected generalized estimating equations modeled associations of dietary fiber (total, soluble, and pectins) and carbohydrate (available carbohydrate, and fructose) with microbiome-related outcomes. Primary analyses were restricted to data collected before COVID-19 interruptions.

RESULTS:

Fiber (total and soluble) and carbohydrates (available and fructose) were positively associated with total SCFA and acetate concentrations (n = 40 participants, 52 visits). Each 10 g/d of total and soluble fiber intake was associated with an additional 8.8 µmol/g (95% CI 4.5, 12.8 µmol/g; P = 0.006) and 24.0 µmol/g (95% CI 12.9, 35.1 µmol/g; P = 0.003) of fecal acetate, respectively. Available carbohydrate intake was positively associated with SCFA producers Roseburia and Ruminococcus gnavus. All diet variables except pectin were inversely associated with normalized abundance of Bacteroides and Alistipes. Fructose was inversely associated with Akkermansia abundance.

CONCLUSIONS:

In young adults with longstanding T1D, fiber and carbohydrate intake were associated positively with fecal SCFA but had variable associations with SCFA-producing gut microbes. Controlled feeding studies should determine whether gut microbes and SCFA can be directly manipulated in T1D.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Gastrointestinal Microbiome / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Young adult Language: English Journal: J Nutr Year: 2023 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Gastrointestinal Microbiome / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Young adult Language: English Journal: J Nutr Year: 2023 Document Type: Article