TIRAP, TRAM, and Toll-Like Receptors: The Untold Story.
Mediators Inflamm
; 2023: 2899271, 2023.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2298452
ABSTRACT
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most studied receptors among the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). They act as microbial sensors, playing major roles in the regulation of the innate immune system. TLRs mediate their cellular functions through the activation of MyD88-dependent or MyD88-independent signaling pathways. Myd88, or myeloid differentiation primary response 88, is a cytosolic adaptor protein essential for the induction of proinflammatory cytokines by all TLRs except TLR3. While the crucial role of Myd88 is well described, the contribution of other adaptors in mediating TLR signaling and function has been underestimated. In this review, we highlight important results demonstrating that TIRAP and TRAM adaptors are also required for full signaling activity and responses induced by most TLRs.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Toll-Like Receptor 4
/
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
Language:
English
Journal:
Mediators Inflamm
Journal subject:
Biochemistry
/
Pathology
Year:
2023
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
2023
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