autophagosome; autophagy (cellular); cardiomyopathy; cell stress; coronavirus disease 2019; editorial; endoplasmic reticulum; energy yield; exosome; heart infarction; heart ventricle hypertrophy; human; lipid metabolism; lysosome membrane; mitochondrial dynamics; nerve cell; nerve degeneration; obesity; reperfusion injury; selective autophagy; transcription regulation; cytoplasm protein/ec [Endogenous Compound]; kelch like ECH associated protein 1/ec [Endogenous Compound]; mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/ec [Endogenous Compound]; transcription factor Nrf2/ec [Endogenous Compound]