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Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism as risk factors for COVID-19.
Zeidan, Nancy M S; Lateef, Hanan M Abd El; Selim, Dalia M; Razek, Suzan A; Abd-Elrehim, Ghada A B; Nashat, Mohamed; ElGyar, Noha; Waked, Nevin M; Soliman, Attia A; Elhewala, Ahmed A; Shehab, Mohamed M M; Ibraheem, Ahmed A A; Shehata, Hassan; Yousif, Yousif M; Akeel, Nagwa E; Hashem, Mustafa I A; Ahmed, Amani A; Emam, Ahmed A; Abdelmohsen, Mohamed M; Ahmed, Mohamed F; Saleh, Ahmed S E; Eltrawy, Heba H; Shahin, Gehan H; Nabil, Rehab M; Hosny, Thoraya A; Abdelhamed, Mohamed R; Afify, Mona R; Alharbi, Mohanned T; Nagshabandi, Mohammed K; Tarabulsi, Muyassar K; Osman, Sherif F; Abd-Elrazek, Amal S M; Rashad, Manal M; El-Gaaly, Sonya A A; Gad, Said A B; Mohamed, Mohamed Y; Abdelkhalek, Khalil; Yousef, Aly A.
  • Zeidan NMS; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
  • Lateef HMAE; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Selim DM; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Razek SA; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Abd-Elrehim GAB; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
  • Nashat M; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
  • ElGyar N; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt.
  • Waked NM; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt.
  • Soliman AA; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • Elhewala AA; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • Shehab MMM; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • Ibraheem AAA; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • Shehata H; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • Yousif YM; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • Akeel NE; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • Hashem MIA; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • Ahmed AA; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • Emam AA; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. ahmedemam1111@yahoo.com.
  • Abdelmohsen MM; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Ahmed MF; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Saleh ASE; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
  • Eltrawy HH; Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Shahin GH; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
  • Nabil RM; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • Hosny TA; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • Abdelhamed MR; Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Afify MR; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alharbi MT; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Nagshabandi MK; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Tarabulsi MK; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Osman SF; Department of Radiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
  • Abd-Elrazek ASM; Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt.
  • Rashad MM; Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • El-Gaaly SAA; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Gad SAB; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
  • Mohamed MY; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
  • Abdelkhalek K; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
  • Yousef AA; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.
Pediatr Res ; 2022 Sep 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2306344
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Given the sparse data on vitamin D status in pediatric COVID-19, we investigated whether vitamin D deficiency could be a risk factor for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. We also investigated whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism could be a genetic marker for COVID-19 susceptibility.

METHODS:

One hundred and eighty patients diagnosed to have COVID-19 and 200 matched control children and adolescents were recruited. Patients were laboratory confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 positive by real-time RT-PCR. All participants were genotyped for VDR Fok1 polymorphism by RT-PCR. Vitamin D status was defined as sufficient for serum 25(OH) D at least 30 ng/mL, insufficient at 21-29 ng/mL, deficient at <20 ng/mL.

RESULTS:

Ninety-four patients (52%) had low vitamin D levels with 74 (41%) being deficient and 20 (11%) had vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with 2.6-fold increased risk for COVID-19 (OR = 2.6; [95% CI 1.96-4.9]; P = 0.002. The FokI FF genotype was significantly more represented in patients compared to control group (OR = 4.05; [95% CI 1.95-8.55]; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Vitamin D deficiency and VDR Fok I polymorphism may constitute independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. IMPACT Vitamin D deficiency could be a modifiable risk factor for COVID-19 in children and adolescents because of its immune-modulatory action. To our knowledge, ours is the first such study to investigate the VDR Fok I polymorphism in Caucasian children and adolescents with COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency and the VDR Fok I polymorphism may constitute independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. Clinical trials should be urgently conducted to test for causality and to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 taking into account the VDR polymorphisms.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41390-022-02275-6

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41390-022-02275-6