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SARS-CoV-2 SEROPREVALENCE AND RISKS FACTORS IN AFRICAN WLHIV ON ART AND THEIR INFANTS
Topics in Antiviral Medicine ; 31(2):367, 2023.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2317062
ABSTRACT

Background:

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence data in women living with HIV (WLHIV), their infants and associated risk factors in this subpopulation remain limited. We retrospectively measured SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence from 09/2019- 12/2021 among WLHIV and their children in the PROMOTE observational cohort in Uganda, Malawi, and Zimbabwe prior to widespread SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in those countries. Method(s) Sociodemographic, clinical data and blood were collected q6 months. Plasma stored during 3 waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in East/ Southern Africa were tested for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies (Ab) using serological assays that detect adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Modified-Poisson regression models were used to calculate prevalence rate ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to identify sociodemographic and clinical risk factors. Result(s) Plasma samples from 979 PROMOTE mothers and 1332 children were analysed. We found no significant differences in baseline characteristics between participants testing positive (+) and negative (-) for SARS-CoV-2 Ab. Overall maternal SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 57.6% (95%CI 54.5-60.7) and 39.3% (95%CI 36.7-41.9) for infants. The earliest + result was detected from a sample collected on 09/2019, in Malawi. Factors significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were country of origin (reference Uganda, aPRR 1.45, 95%CI 1.24-1.69) and non-breastfeeding mother (aPRR=1.22, 95%CI 1.02-1.48). Children above 5 years had a 10% increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (aPRR=1.10, 95%CI 0.90-1.34) when compared to younger children. We found no statistically significant association with sanitation, household density, distance to clinic, maternal employment, ART regimen or viral load. Mother/infant SARS-CoV-2 serostatuses were discordant in 373/865 (43.1%) families tested mothers+/children- in 51.2%;mothers-/children+ in 12%;child+/sibling+ concordance was 21.4%. Conclusion(s) These SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence data indicate that by late 2021, about half of mothers and about a third of children in a cohort of HIV-affected families in eastern/southern Africa had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Breastfeeding was protective for mothers, likely because of the need to stay home for young children. Discordant results between children within same families underscores the need to further understand transmission dynamics within households.
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Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: EMBASE Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Language: English Journal: Topics in Antiviral Medicine Year: 2023 Document Type: Article

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Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: EMBASE Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Language: English Journal: Topics in Antiviral Medicine Year: 2023 Document Type: Article