Investigation of TNF-alpha and IL-4 in Pfizer/BioNTech vaccinated people: A comparative study

ABSTRACT

Background: The necessity for a vaccine to prevent this disease has been made abundantly clear by the appearance of the new SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. The most reliable method of halting the spread of infectious illnesses is vaccination. Since they were first made available to the general public more than 200 years ago, vaccines have saved millions of lives. Method(s) There were eighty-one (81) participants in total in the study. Individuals ranged in age from 18 to 66 and had recently received COVID-19 mRNA Pfizer/BioNTech [BNT162b2] vaccination injections. They were given two injections of the vaccine of 30 g and 0.3 mL, twenty-one (21) days apart. Before the first vaccination, blood samples were collected. This procedure was repeated on days 7-10 after the first vaccination, and on days 7-10 after the second dose. All samples were tested for IL-4, and TNF-alpha using a High Sensitivity Human ELISA Kit corresponding to each marker (Elabscience/United State). Result(s) There was no significant increase in IL-4 levels in all groups, TNF-alpha results showed increased after the first and second doses compared to before vaccination, and the increase after the second dose is greater than the first dose. Conclusion(s) Our research demonstrated that vaccinations caused Th1 biases and prevented Th2 responses in all groups.Copyright © 2023, Codon Publications. All rights reserved.