MAINTAINING IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY TO THE SARS-CoV-2 VIRUS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC.
Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity
; 13(1):55-66, 2023.
Article
in Russian
| EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2319933
ABSTRACT
The question on the duration and effectiveness of post-infection vs post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 immunity remains in the focus of numerous studies. The aim of the work was to examine the duration of maintained post-infection and post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 immunity as well as formation of hybrid (vaccination after infection) and breakthrough (repeated disease or disease after vaccination) immunity in the context of an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. 107 adults with mild or moderate COVID-19 3-18 months after the disease and 30 subjects vaccinated twice with the Sputnik V vaccine were examined 1-6 times. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus were determined by ELISA on the "SARSCoV-2-IgG quantitative-ELISA-BEST" test systems. The antibody avidity was measured by additional incubation with and without denaturing solution. Mononuclear cells were isolated from blood by gradient centrifugation, incubated with and without coronavirus S-protein for 20 hours, stained with fluorescently labeled antibodies, and the percentage of CD8highCD107a+ was counted using FACSCanto II cytometer. It was shown that in the group of convalescent and vaccinated subjects, the level of virus-specific antibodies decreased more deeply in individuals with initially high humoral response, but 9 months later the decrease slowed down and reached a plateau. The antibody avidity rose up to 50% and persisted for 18 months. Cellular immunity in recovered patients did not change for 1.5 years, while in vaccinated patients it gradually decreased 6 months later, but remained at detectable level. After revaccination, a significant increase in the level of antibodies, avidity up to 67.6% and cellular immunity returned to the initial level were noted. Hybrid immunity turned out to be significantly higher than post-infection and post-vaccination immunity. The level of antibodies increased to 1218.2 BAU/ml, avidity - to 69.85%, and cellular immunity - to 9.94%. Breakthrough immunity was significantly higher than that after the first disease. The level of antibodies rose to 1601 BAU/ml, avidity - up to 81.6%, cellular immunity - up to 13.71%. Using dynamic observation of four COVID-19 convalescents, it has been shown that in the context of the ongoing pandemic and active coronavirus mutation, natural boosting occurs both asymptomatically and as a result of a mild re-infection, which prevents disappearance of SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immunity.Copyright © 2023 Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute. All rights reserved.
antibodies; breakthrough immunity; cellular immunity; covid-19; hybrid immunity; SARS-CoV-2; vaccination; adult; article; controlled study; convalescence; coronavirus disease 2019/dt [Drug Therapy]; coronavirus disease 2019/pc [Prevention]; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; human; humoral immunity; immunity; immunological memory; major clinical study; male; mononuclear cell; nonhuman; pandemic; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; CD8 antigen; immunoglobulin G; sputnik v vaccine/dt [Drug Therapy]; vitronectin; flow cytometer
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
EMBASE
Language:
Russian
Journal:
Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity
Year:
2023
Document Type:
Article
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