A University Collaboration in Creating a Powered Air Purifying Respirator: An Emergency Innovative Response

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Study In March of 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus (COVID-19) a global pandemic. As the number of cases increased worldwide, existing hospital infrastructure struggled to keep up with the demand for equipment and supplies.This exposed healthcare workers to contracting the disease. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate an emergency innovation response in overcoming shortages of personal protective equipment within a university hospital setting, with a special focus on powered air purifying respirators (PAPRs). Methods Used The Center for Medical Innovation (CMI)-a center designed to promote research and development of high-impact healthcare products at the University of Utah (UofU)-enlisted university engineers to develop an open source PAPR system made from readily available commercial materials. Parts were selected to meet filtration, airflow, and protection specifications as outlined by industry standards. Commercially available parts consistent with these specifications were assembled into a novel PAPR system which utilized 3D printed pieces on demand to achieve compatibility. Once assembled, each PAPR went through protection testing to demonstrate health worker safety. A fit factor of 200 is the minimum requirement needed as defined by NIOSH. Testing procedures were carried out with industry standard equipment. Summary of Results A human centered design approach was utilized in iterating versions of the product based on repeated fit testing. Failures were addressed in subsequent models. All PAPRs passed fit testing with a score of > 1000. Following the lean processing standard of just in time inventory, materials to fabricate 1000 PAPRs were procured and assembled on demand. PAPRs are now being used by the UofU Hospital as well as other affiliate entities globally and are filling the gap needed for PPE. Approximately 200 units have been donated to Navajo Nations hospitals in the state of Utah and others have been donated to university sister entities in India, Nepal, and Kenya. Conclusions The Center for Medical Innovation at the University of Utah has facilitated a rapid emergency innovative response in filling the PPE needs locally and abroad by creating this open source accessible PAPR system.