Profiling Inconsistent/Non-Adopters of Infection Prevention Behaviours during the Covid-19 Pandemic for Targeted Public Health Education: A Population Study

ABSTRACT

Intro With the relentless waves of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), there is a need for widespread community adoption of infection prevention(IP) measures including hand hygiene, use of face masks, and staying at home when unwell. Understanding the profile of individuals who do not consistently practice IP can help target public health education. Method(s) We conducted a nationally-representative population survey from November 2020 to January 2021. Households were randomly selected from a proportionately stratified national census. The household member with the most recent birthday was invited to complete the survey. Three questions on a 5-point Likert-scale(never-rarely-occasionally-often-always) assessed IP behaviours(hand hygiene, face mask use when having a cough/cold, staying at home when having a cold/flu) before and during the pandemic. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to assess factors associated with the non- or inconsistent("never-rarely-occasionally") adoption of any of the three IP behaviours during the pandemic. Finding(s) Mean age of 2004 respondents was 44.5(SD 15.0) years, with 52% females and 65% being highly educated (diploma/degree holders). Although 12% reported consistently("often-always") adopting all 3 IP behaviours pre-pandemic, the majority(n=1752, 87%) reported doing so during the pandemic. After adjusting for age, educational level, and presence of chronic illness, males(AOR 1.71 [95%CI 1.30, 2.25], Chinese(AOR 1.48 [1.07, 2.05]), low-adopters of healthy lifestyle(AOR 1.59 [1.03, 2.45]) and those who did not or inconsistently adopted IP behaviours pre-pandemic(AOR 8.92 [3.28, 24.27]) were more likely not to or inconsistently adopt the 3 IP behaviours during the pandemic. Discussion(s) During the ongoing pandemic, educational messages and information channels on IP measures could be more targeted at males and Chinese. Additionally, the promotion of healthy lifestyle and consistent adoption of IP behaviours during non-pandemic times is critical for consistent adoption of IP behaviours during pandemics. Conclusion(s) Males, Chinese, and low-adopters of healthy lifestyle and IP behaviours pre-pandemic do not consistently practice IP during the pandemic.Copyright © 2023