Treatment of diseases through stem cell bioengineering techniques

ABSTRACT

The development of stem cell transplantation technology has opened up the possibility of curing many diseases that were difficult to treat in the past. There are ethical issues in the field of widespread clinical use of human embryonic stem cells, and tissue rejection may also occurs after transplantation. One way to solve these problems is to generate specific pluripotent stem cells directly from patient cells to study specific treatments. Induced stem cells refer to a type of cell produced by the reprogramming of human somatic cells into exogenous transcription factors, which are very similar to embryonic stem cells. Both types of cells express human pluripotent factors and embryonic stem cell surface markers, and have the potential to differentiate into 3 germ layers.The induced pluripotent stem cells can be induced to differentiate into different cells under different conditions. At present, stem cell therapy has entered the clinical trial stage in many fields, and this paper discusses the stem cell regenerative medicine in the field of cardiovascular disease, eye disease, and COVID-19. This paper is a review of the current status of stem cell treatment and the challenges it is facing. © 2023 SPIE.