Causes of Death in Neonates, Infants, Children, and Adolescents at the University Children's Clinical Hospital of Bialystok Between 2018 and 2021.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Monitoring of mortality rate and causes of death in pediatric hospitals is required in Poland. This study is aimed to evaluate the causes of death in neonates, infants, children, and adolescents obtained from the medical records of the University Children's Clinical Hospital (UCCH) of Bialystok between 2018 and 2021. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Medical records of 59 patients (12 neonates, 17 infants, 14 children, 16 adolescents) who died in the UCCH of Bialystok in 2018-2021 were analyzed. The records included personal data, medical history, and causes of death. RESULTS Between 2018 and 2021, the leading death causes were congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (25.42%, N=15) and conditions originating in the perinatal period (11.86%, N=7). The leading death causes in each age group were in neonates - congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (50%, N=6), in infants -conditions originating in the perinatal period (29.41%, N=5), in children - diseases of the respiratory system (30.77%, N=4), and in teenagers - external causes of morbidity (31%, N=5). Before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2019), the leading death causes were congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (20.69%, N=6) and conditions originating in the perinatal period (20.69%, N=6). During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021), congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (26.67%, N=8) and COVID-19 (10.00%, N=3) were the most common death causes. CONCLUSIONS Leading death causes varied among age groups. The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on pediatric causes of death and changed their distribution. The results of this analysis should be discussed and conclusions should improve the quality of pediatric care.