Frequency and Predictors of Emergency Department Visits Following Colonoscopy: An Assessment of Procedure Safety

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Colonoscopy is the most commonly performed colorectal cancer screening test in the US, and is associated with known adverse events (AE), including gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), bowel perforation, abdominal pain, and others. Despite this, post-colonoscopy AEs are rarely monitored by current colonoscopy quality programs. This study investigated the frequency of ED visits in the two weeks following an outpatient colonoscopy at a multi-site academic center. Method(s) We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all adults aged >= 40 who underwent an outpatient colonoscopy at a single academic center between 2016-2019. Data from 2020 were excluded given unpredicTable effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare utilization. Patients were identified using procedural codes and administrative claims records were used to identify persons who had a subsequent ED visit up to 14 days after their procedure date. For those with ED visits, patient charts were reviewed to data including details of ED presentation. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample. Result(s) There were 187 patients who had an ED visit within two weeks of their colonoscopy, among 34,222 total colonoscopies during the same 4 year time period (0.44%). 46.1% of the ED visits reviewed were either definitely or possibly related to post-colonoscopy AEs. The mean age of the population sample was 61 years. The most common presenting symptoms to the ED post-colonoscopy included abdominal pain (47%), GI bleeding (27.7%), and nausea/vomiting (20.6%). The most common ED diagnosis included GI bleed (26.2%), dehydration (6.4%), and obstruction (3.6%). Nearly half of patients presenting to the ED were admitted (47.2%). In terms of clinical details of the colonoscopies of those who presented to the ED, polypectomy was performed in 67.4% of patients and polypectomy of a large (>=10mm) polyp was performed in 22.7% of patients. Hot snare/biopsy was used in 36.9% of patients and periprocedural use of anti-thrombotics occurred in 36.9% of patients. (Table) Conclusion(s) ED visits occurred in roughly 4 out of 1000 patients within two weeks of a colonoscopy at our center, and nearly half of these patients were admitted. A high proportion of ED visits were for GI symptoms. Furthermore, over 1/3rd of patients with ED visits following a colonoscopy had polyps removed with electrosurgical techniques. These data suggest that regular monitoring of post-colonoscopy ED visits may be valuable for quality improvement purposes.