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Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections.
Moriyama, Miyu; Hugentobler, Walter J; Iwasaki, Akiko.
  • Moriyama M; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA; email: akiko.iwasaki@yale.edu.
  • Hugentobler WJ; Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich and University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland CH-8091.
  • Iwasaki A; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA; email: akiko.iwasaki@yale.edu.
Annu Rev Virol ; 7(1): 83-101, 2020 09 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-35145
ABSTRACT
The seasonal cycle of respiratory viral diseases has been widely recognized for thousands of years, as annual epidemics of the common cold and influenza disease hit the human population like clockwork in the winter season in temperate regions. Moreover, epidemics caused by viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 occur during the winter months. The mechanisms underlying the seasonal nature of respiratory viral infections have been examined and debated for many years. The two major contributing factors are the changes in environmental parameters and human behavior. Studies have revealed the effect of temperature and humidity on respiratory virus stability and transmission rates. More recent research highlights the importance of the environmental factors, especially temperature and humidity, in modulating host intrinsic, innate, and adaptive immune responses to viral infections in the respiratory tract. Here we review evidence of how outdoor and indoor climates are linked to the seasonality of viral respiratory infections. We further discuss determinants of host response in the seasonality of respiratory viruses by highlighting recent studies in the field.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pneumonia, Viral / Respiratory Tract Infections / Coronavirus Infections / Picornaviridae Infections / Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Influenza, Human / Pandemics Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Annu Rev Virol Year: 2020 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pneumonia, Viral / Respiratory Tract Infections / Coronavirus Infections / Picornaviridae Infections / Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Influenza, Human / Pandemics Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Annu Rev Virol Year: 2020 Document Type: Article