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Effects of medium chain fatty acids as a mitigation or prevention strategy against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine feed.
Lerner, Annie B; Cochrane, Roger A; Gebhardt, Jordan T; Dritz, Steve S; Jones, Cassandra K; DeRouchey, Joel M; Tokach, Mike D; Goodband, Robert D; Bai, Jianfa; Porter, Elizabeth; Anderson, Joe; Gauger, Phillip C; Magstadt, Drew R; Zhang, Jianqiang; Bass, Benjamin; Karnezos, Theodore; de Rodas, Brenda; Woodworth, Jason C.
  • Lerner AB; Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
  • Cochrane RA; Pipestone Grow Finish, Pipestone, MN.
  • Gebhardt JT; Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
  • Dritz SS; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
  • Jones CK; Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
  • DeRouchey JM; Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
  • Tokach MD; Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
  • Goodband RD; Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
  • Bai J; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
  • Porter E; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
  • Anderson J; Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
  • Gauger PC; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
  • Magstadt DR; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
  • Zhang J; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
  • Bass B; PMI, Arden Hills, MN.
  • Karnezos T; PMI, Arden Hills, MN.
  • de Rodas B; PMI, Arden Hills, MN.
  • Woodworth JC; Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
J Anim Sci ; 98(6)2020 Jun 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-478332
ABSTRACT
Feed has been shown to be a vector for viral transmission. Four experiments were conducted to 1) determine if medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) are effective mitigants when applied to feed both pre- and post-porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) inoculation measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), 2) evaluate varying levels and combinations of MCFA measured by qRT-PCR, and 3) evaluate selected treatments in bioassay to determine infectivity. In exp. 1, treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial with main effects of treatment (0.3% commercial formaldehyde [CF] product, Sal CURB [Kemin Industries, Inc.; Des Moines, IA], or 1% MCFA blend (Blend) of 111 C6C8C10 [PMI, Arden Hills, MN]) and timing of application (pre- or post-inoculation with PEDV) plus a positive control (PC; feed inoculated with PEDV and no treatment). All combinations of treatment and timing decreased detectable PEDV compared with the PC (P < 0.05). Pre-inoculation treatment elicited decreased magnitude of PEDV detection (cycle threshold value) compared with post-inoculation (P = 0.009). Magnitude of PEDV detection was decreased for CF compared with Blend (P < 0.0001). In exp. 2, pre-inoculation treatments consisted of 1) PC, 2) 0.3% CF, 3 to 5) 0.125% to 0.33% C60, 6 to 8) 0.125% to 0.33% C80, 9 to 11) 0.125% to 0.33% C100, and 12 to 15) 0.125% to 0.66% C50. Treating feed with 0.33% C80 resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) PEDV detection compared with all other treatments. Increasing concentration of each individual MCFA decreased PEDV detectability (P < 0.042). In exp. 3, pre-inoculation treatments consisted of 1) PC, 2) 0.3% CF, 3 to 7) 0.25% to 1% Blend, 8 to 10) 0.125% to 0.33% C60 + C80, 11 to 13) 0.125% to 0.33% C60 + C100, and 14 to 16) 0.125% to 0.33% C80 + C100. Treating feed with CF, 0.5% Blend, 0.75% Blend, 1% Blend, all levels of C60+C80, 0.25% C60 + 0.25% C100, 0.33% C60 + 0.33% C100, 0.25% C80 + 0.25% C100, or 0.33% C80 + 0.33% C100 elicited decreased detection of PEDV compared with PC (P < 0.05). Increasing concentration of each MCFA combination decreased PEDV detectability (linear, P < 0.012). In exp. 4, feed was treated pre-inoculation with 1) no treatment (PC), 2) 0.3% CF, 3) 0.5% Blend, or 4) 0.3% C80 and analyzed via qRT-PCR and bioassay. Adding 0.5% Blend or 0.3% C80 resulted in decreased PEDV compared with PC and only PC resulted in a positive bioassay. Therefore, MCFA can decrease detection of PEDV in feed. Further, inclusion of lower levels of MCFA than previously evaluated are effective against PEDV.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Swine Diseases / Coronavirus Infections / Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Fatty Acids / Animal Feed Type of study: Experimental Studies / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Animals Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Swine Diseases / Coronavirus Infections / Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Fatty Acids / Animal Feed Type of study: Experimental Studies / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Animals Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article