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Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters.
Bryche, Bertrand; St Albin, Audrey; Murri, Severine; Lacôte, Sandra; Pulido, Coralie; Ar Gouilh, Meriadeg; Lesellier, Sandrine; Servat, Alexandre; Wasniewski, Marine; Picard-Meyer, Evelyne; Monchatre-Leroy, Elodie; Volmer, Romain; Rampin, Olivier; Le Goffic, Ronan; Marianneau, Philippe; Meunier, Nicolas.
  • Bryche B; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • St Albin A; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Murri S; Laboratoire de Lyon, ANSES, Unité virologie, Lyon, France.
  • Lacôte S; Laboratoire de Lyon, ANSES, Unité virologie, Lyon, France.
  • Pulido C; Laboratoire de Lyon, ANSES, Plateforme d'expérimentation animale, Lyon, France.
  • Ar Gouilh M; Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne, UNICAEN-UNIROUEN, Université de Caen Normandie, 14 000 Caen, France; Service de Virologie, CHU de Caen, Caen, France.
  • Lesellier S; Laboratoire rage et faune sauvage, ANSES, Malzéville, France.
  • Servat A; Laboratoire rage et faune sauvage, ANSES, Malzéville, France.
  • Wasniewski M; Laboratoire rage et faune sauvage, ANSES, Malzéville, France.
  • Picard-Meyer E; Laboratoire rage et faune sauvage, ANSES, Malzéville, France.
  • Monchatre-Leroy E; Laboratoire rage et faune sauvage, ANSES, Malzéville, France.
  • Volmer R; Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRA, UMR 1225, Toulouse, France.
  • Rampin O; Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, PNCA, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Le Goffic R; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Marianneau P; Laboratoire de Lyon, ANSES, Unité virologie, Lyon, France.
  • Meunier N; Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France. Electronic address: nicolas.meunier@inrae.fr.
Brain Behav Immun ; 89: 579-586, 2020 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-656807
Preprint
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ABSTRACT
Anosmia is one of the most prevalent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the cellular mechanism behind the sudden loss of smell has not yet been investigated. The initial step of odour detection takes place in the pseudostratified olfactory epithelium (OE) mainly composed of olfactory sensory neurons surrounded by supporting cells known as sustentacular cells. The olfactory neurons project their axons to the olfactory bulb in the central nervous system offering a potential pathway for pathogens to enter the central nervous system by bypassing the blood brain barrier. In the present study, we explored the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the olfactory system in golden Syrian hamsters. We observed massive damage of the OE as early as 2 days post nasal instillation of SARS-CoV-2, resulting in a major loss of cilia necessary for odour detection. These damages were associated with infection of a large proportion of sustentacular cells but not of olfactory neurons, and we did not detect any presence of the virus in the olfactory bulbs. We observed massive infiltration of immune cells in the OE and lamina propria of infected animals, which may contribute to the desquamation of the OE. The OE was partially restored 14 days post infection. Anosmia observed in COVID-19 patient is therefore likely to be linked to a massive and fast desquamation of the OE following sustentacular cells infection with SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent recruitment of immune cells in the OE and lamina propria.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Olfactory Bulb / Pneumonia, Viral / Olfactory Mucosa / Coronavirus Infections Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Brain Behav Immun Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology / Brain / Psychophysiology Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.bbi.2020.06.032

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Olfactory Bulb / Pneumonia, Viral / Olfactory Mucosa / Coronavirus Infections Limits: Animals Language: English Journal: Brain Behav Immun Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology / Brain / Psychophysiology Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.bbi.2020.06.032