Endothelial activation and dysfunction in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019.
J Int Med Res
; 48(7): 300060520939746, 2020 Jul.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-690568
ABSTRACT
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection is a serious global concern. Increased morbidity and mortality is associated with older age, male gender, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and smoking. As COVID-19 spreads from coastal borders, both state to state and country to country, our understanding of its pathophysiology has evolved. Age and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) play especially important roles in COVID-19 progression. T2DM is an age-related disease associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia), hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and endothelial activation and dysfunction. This review evaluates the relationships and intersection between endothelial cell activation and dysfunction in T2DM and COVID-19. COVID-19 induces multiple injuries of the terminal bronchioles and alveolar blood-gas barrier and associated ultrastructural tissue remodeling. COVID-19 may unmask multiple vulnerabilities associated with T2DM including damage to the endothelial glycocalyx and multiple end-organ macro and microvascular diseases. Unmasking existing vulnerabilities in diabetic patients with COVID-19 is important. Globally, we must come together to better understand why T2DM is associated with increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Pneumonia, Viral
/
Coronavirus Infections
/
Metabolic Syndrome
/
Endothelial Cells
/
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
/
Betacoronavirus
Type of study:
Experimental Studies
/
Observational study
Topics:
Long Covid
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
J Int Med Res
Year:
2020
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
0300060520939746
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