Covid-19 a new global outbreak: Diagnosis, treatment and prevention

ABSTRACT

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a pandemic of the new millennium. It was first reported in the Wuhan city, a huge metropolis of 11 million people in central China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. The virus became named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), which was nomenclature by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Coronavirus is polymorphic spherical particles with spike like surface projections. The envelope of coronavirus consists of a lipid bilayer, where the four membrane protein is anchored i.e. S – spike, E – envelope, M – membrane, N – nucleocapsid. Inside envelop the N protein bound to the positive sense single stranded RNA (+ssRNA) genome. The size of the ssRNA genome is ̴30000 nucleotide long. The coronavirus probably originated in bats, although it was not clear that how it was transmitted from bats to humans. In keeping with current evidence, coronavirus is transmitted between people through respiratory droplets and close contacts. RT-PCR is the most unique and sensitive for the detection of coronavirus and it is more beneficial for detecting the virus in the primary phase of the infection. It has been observed that there is no vaccine available for the treatment of coronavirus till now, but the S protein is presently considered to be one of the maximum promising targets for coronavirus vaccine development. Here, we review that the biology of the coronavirus in the term of an epidemiology, multiplication, diagnosis, transmission, prevention, treatment.