The antiviral mechanisms, effects, safety and adverse effects of chloroquine.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
; 24(12): 7164-7172, 2020 06.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-723470
ABSTRACT
Chloroquine, a 4-aminoquinoline derivative, was initially used to treat malaria. It was later found to have immunomodulating, anti-infective, anti-thrombotic, anti-tumor, and metabolic effects. Recently, many studies have focused on the application of chloroquine in viral infections. Most in vitro studies suggested that chloroquine exerted some benefit in infections from viruses. However, animal experiment and clinical trials that attempted to use chloroquine in prevention or treatment of viral infections have reported disappointing results. It might be attributable to inadequate steady-state whole blood chloroquine concentration necessary for exerting its antiviral effects. A 16 µM/L steady-state whole blood concentration of chloroquine should suffice in antiviral treatment with minimal toxicity. Furthermore, chloroquine has both acute and cumulative toxicity. Hence, not only the appropriate treatment dose is crucial, the occurrence of adverse reactions should also be closely monitored and treated in time. Herein, we report the antiviral mechanisms, effects, safety and adverse effects of chloroquine.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Antiviral Agents
/
Viruses
/
Chloroquine
Type of study:
Experimental Studies
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
Journal subject:
Pharmacology
/
Toxicology
Year:
2020
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Eurrev_202006_21712
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