Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
; 13(9), 2020.
Article
| WHO COVID | ID: covidwho-742819
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has manifested more than a health crisis and has severely impacted on social, economic, and development crises in the world. The relationship of COVID-19 with countries"economic and other demographic statuses is an important criterion with which to assess the impact of this current outbreak. Based on available data from the online platform, we tested the hypotheses of a country"s economic status, population density, the median age of the population, and urbanization pattern influence on the test, attack, case fatality, and recovery rates of COVID-19. We performed correlation and multivariate multinomial regression analysis with relative risk ratio (RRR) to test the hypotheses. The correlation analysis showed that population density and test rate had a significantly negative association (r = −0.2384, p = 0.00). In contrast, the median age had a significant positive correlation with recovery rate (r = 0.4654, p = 0.00) and case fatality rate (r = 0.2847, p = 0.00). The urban population rate had a positive significant correlation with recovery rate (r = 0.1610, p = 0.04). Lower-middle-income countries had a negative significant correlation with case fatality rate (r= −0.3310, p = 0.04). The multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that low-income countries are more likely to have an increased risk of case fatality rate (RRR = 0.986, 95% Confidence Interval;CI = 0.97−1.00, p <0.05) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.967, 95% CI = 0.95-0.98, p = 0.00). The lower-income countries are more likely to have a higher risk in case of attack rate (RRR = 0.981, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99, p = 0.00) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.971, 95% CI = 0.96-0.98, p = 0.00). Similarly, upper middle-income countries are more likely to have higher risk in case of attack rate (RRR = 0.988, 95% CI = 0.98-1.0, p = 0.01) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.978, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99, p = 0.00). The low- and lower-middle-income countries should invest more in health care services and implement adequate COVID-19 preventive measures to reduce the risk burden. We recommend a participatory, whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach for responding to the socio-economic challenges of COVID-19 and ensuring more resilient and robust health systems to safeguard against preventable deaths and poverty by improving public health outcomes.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
WHO COVID
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
Journal:
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
Year:
2020
Document Type:
Article
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