COVID-19: Review of a 21st Century Pandemic from Etiology to Neuro-psychiatric Implications.
J Alzheimers Dis
; 77(2): 459-504, 2020.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-760837
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is a severe infectious disease that has claimed >150,000 lives and infected millions in the United States thus far, especially the elderly population. Emerging evidence has shown the virus to cause hemorrhagic and immunologic responses, which impact all organs, including lungs, kidneys, and the brain, as well as extremities. SARS-CoV-2 also affects patients', families', and society's mental health at large. There is growing evidence of re-infection in some patients. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, its mechanism of infection, diagnostics, therapeutics, and treatment strategies, while also focusing on less attended aspects by previous studies, including nutritional support, psychological, and rehabilitation of the pandemic and its management. We performed a systematic review of >1,000 articles and included 425 references from online databases, including, PubMed, Google Scholar, and California Baptist University's library. COVID-19 patients go through acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm, acute hypercoagulable state, and autonomic dysfunction, which must be managed by a multidisciplinary team including nursing, nutrition, and rehabilitation. The elderly population and those who are suffering from Alzheimer's disease and dementia related illnesses seem to be at the higher risk. There are 28 vaccines under development, and new treatment strategies/protocols are being investigated. The future management for COVID-19 should include B-cell and T-cell immunotherapy in combination with emerging prophylaxis. The mental health and illness aspect of COVID-19 are among the most important side effects of this pandemic which requires a national plan for prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Keywords
Actemra; Alzheimer's disease; Avigan; COVID-19; COVID-19 Neurological implications; COVID-19 Alzheimer's Disease and dementia; COVID-19 Clinical manifestations; COVID-19 Convalescent plasma; COVID-19 Janus Kinase Inhibitor 1 and 2; COVID-19 Natural Killer Cells and stem cell therapy; COVID-19 Nutrition; COVID-19 Rehabilitation; COVID-19 Risk factors and comorbidities; COVID-19 Screening; COVID-19 Steroids; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19 air filtration; COVID-19 anticoagulants; COVID-19 antiviral; COVID-19 complications; COVID-19 diagnostics; COVID-19 domestic abuse; COVID-19 immunotherapy; COVID-19 mental disorders; COVID-19 monoclonal antibodies; COVID-19 ophthalmology; COVID-19 test; Hydroxychloroquine; Nanomedicine for COVID-19; Remdesivir; SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 treatment; coronavirus; mental health
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Pneumonia, Viral
/
Coronavirus Infections
/
Pandemics
Type of study:
Diagnostic study
/
Etiology study
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Qualitative research
/
Reviews
/
Systematic review/Meta Analysis
Topics:
Vaccines
/
Variants
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
J Alzheimers Dis
Journal subject:
Geriatrics
/
Neurology
Year:
2020
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Jad-200831
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