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Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Activity of Metformin and Its Potential Implications in Treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Lung Injury.
Chen, Xianyang; Guo, Huifang; Qiu, Li; Zhang, Chengdong; Deng, Qiang; Leng, Qibin.
  • Chen X; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
  • Guo H; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
  • Qiu L; Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
  • Zhang C; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
  • Deng Q; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
  • Leng Q; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Front Immunol ; 11: 2056, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-769214
ABSTRACT
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease which causes severe lung injury and multiple organ damage, presents an urgent need for new drugs. The case severity and fatality of COVID-19 are associated with excessive inflammation, namely, a cytokine storm. Metformin, a widely used drug to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus and metabolic syndrome, has immunomodulatory activity that reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines using macrophages and causes the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Metformin also inhibits the cytokine production of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells. Importantly, treatment with metformin alleviates various lung injuries in preclinical animal models. In addition, a recent proteomic study revealed that metformin has the potential to directly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, retrospective clinical studies have revealed that metformin treatment reduces the mortality of T2D with COVID-19. Therefore, metformin has the potential to be repurposed to treat patients with COVID-19 at risk of developing severe illness. This review summarizes the immune pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and addresses the effects of metformin on inhibiting cytokine storms and preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as its side effects.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Antiviral Agents / Pneumonia, Viral / Coronavirus Infections / Lung Injury / Betacoronavirus / Immunologic Factors / Metformin Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2020.02056

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Antiviral Agents / Pneumonia, Viral / Coronavirus Infections / Lung Injury / Betacoronavirus / Immunologic Factors / Metformin Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2020.02056