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Extrapulmonary Clinical Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients.
Sarkesh, Aila; Daei Sorkhabi, Amin; Sheykhsaran, Elham; Alinezhad, Farbod; Mohammadzadeh, Nader; Hemmat, Nima; Bannazadeh Baghi, Hossein.
  • Sarkesh A; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  • Daei Sorkhabi A; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  • Sheykhsaran E; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  • Alinezhad F; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  • Mohammadzadeh N; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  • Hemmat N; Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
  • Bannazadeh Baghi H; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 103(5): 1783-1796, 2020 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-771310
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 manifestations in symptomatic patients can be in the form of pneumonia, acute respiratory syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction as well. Renal complications, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, endocrine system disorders, myocardial dysfunction and arrhythmia, neurological dysfunctions, dermatological symptoms, hematological manifestations, and thromboinflammation are among the reported extrapulmonary complications. Moreover, the presence of coagulopathy, excessive and dysregulated immune responses, and autoimmunity by COVID-19 patients is considerable. The pathogenesis of infection entails the entry of the virus via receptors on cells, principally angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors. Direct virus damage coupled with indirect effects of viral infection including thromboinflammation, dysfunction of the immune system, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system leads to multiple organ failure. This review outlines the extrapulmonary organ-specific complications and their pathophysiology and epidemiology.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pneumonia, Viral / Renin-Angiotensin System / Coronavirus Infections / Immune System Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ajtmh.20-0986

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pneumonia, Viral / Renin-Angiotensin System / Coronavirus Infections / Immune System Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ajtmh.20-0986