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Mast Cells in Alveolar Septa of COVID-19 Patients: A Pathogenic Pathway That May Link Interstitial Edema to Immunothrombosis.
Motta Junior, Jarbas da Silva; Miggiolaro, Anna Flavia Ribeiro Dos Santos; Nagashima, Seigo; de Paula, Caroline Busatta Vaz; Baena, Cristina Pellegrino; Scharfstein, Julio; de Noronha, Lucia.
  • Motta Junior JDS; School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
  • Miggiolaro AFRDS; Hospital Marcelino Champagnat, Curitiba, Brazil.
  • Nagashima S; School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
  • de Paula CBV; Hospital Marcelino Champagnat, Curitiba, Brazil.
  • Baena CP; School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
  • Scharfstein J; School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
  • de Noronha L; School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná PUCPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
Front Immunol ; 11: 574862, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-845301
ABSTRACT
It is currently believed that innate immunity is unable to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from the upper airways to the alveoli of high-risk groups of patients. SARS-CoV-2 replication in ACE-2-expressing pneumocytes can drive the diffuse alveolar injury through the cytokine storm and immunothrombosis by upregulating the transcription of chemokine/cytokines, unlike several other respiratory viruses. Here we report histopathology data obtained in post-mortem lung biopsies of COVID-19, showing the increased density of perivascular and septal mast cells (MCs) and IL-4-expressing cells (n = 6), in contrast to the numbers found in pandemic H1N1-induced pneumonia (n = 10) or Control specimens (n = 10). Noteworthy, COVID-19 lung biopsies showed a higher density of CD117+ cells, suggesting that c-kit positive MCs progenitors were recruited earlier to the alveolar septa. These findings suggest that MC proliferation/differentiation in the alveolar septa might be harnessed by the shift toward IL-4 expression in the inflamed alveolar septa. Future studies may clarify whether the fibrin-dependent generation of the hyaline membrane, processes that require the diffusion of procoagulative plasma factors into the alveolar lumen and the endothelial dysfunction, are preceded by MC-driven formation of interstitial edema in the alveolar septa.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pneumonia, Viral / Pulmonary Alveoli / Pulmonary Edema / Thrombosis / Coronavirus Infections / Betacoronavirus / Mast Cells Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2020.574862

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pneumonia, Viral / Pulmonary Alveoli / Pulmonary Edema / Thrombosis / Coronavirus Infections / Betacoronavirus / Mast Cells Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2020.574862