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Does the COVID-19 pandemic impact parents' and adolescents' well-being? An EMA-study on daily affect and parenting.
Janssen, Loes H C; Kullberg, Marie-Louise J; Verkuil, Bart; van Zwieten, Noa; Wever, Mirjam C M; van Houtum, Lisanne A E M; Wentholt, Wilma G M; Elzinga, Bernet M.
  • Janssen LHC; Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
  • Kullberg MJ; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
  • Verkuil B; Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
  • van Zwieten N; Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
  • Wever MCM; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
  • van Houtum LAEM; Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
  • Wentholt WGM; Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
  • Elzinga BM; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
PLoS One ; 15(10): e0240962, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-874207
ABSTRACT
Due to the COVID- 19 outbreak in the Netherlands (March 2020) and the associated social distancing measures, families were enforced to stay at home as much as possible. Adolescents and their families may be particularly affected by this enforced proximity, as adolescents strive to become more independent. Yet, whether these measures impact emotional well-being in families with adolescents has not been examined. In this ecological momentary assessment study, we investigated if the COVID-19 pandemic affected positive and negative affect of parents and adolescents and parenting behaviors (warmth and criticism). Additionally, we examined possible explanations for the hypothesized changes in affect and parenting. To do so, we compared daily reports on affect and parenting that were gathered during two periods of 14 consecutive days, once before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2019) and once during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multilevel analyses showed that only parents' negative affect increased as compared to the period before the pandemic, whereas this was not the case for adolescents' negative affect, positive affect and parenting behaviors (from both the adolescent and parent perspective). In general, intolerance of uncertainty was linked to adolescents' and parents' negative affect and adolescents' positive affect. However, Intolerance of uncertainty, nor any pandemic related characteristics (i.e. living surface, income, relatives with COVID-19, hours of working at home, helping children with school and contact with COVID-19 patients at work) were linked to the increase of parents' negative affect during COVID-19. It can be concluded that on average, our sample (consisting of relatively healthy parents and adolescents) seems to deal fairly well with the circumstances. The substantial heterogeneity in the data however, also suggest that whether or not parents and adolescents experience (emotional) problems can vary from household to household. Implications for researchers, mental health care professionals and policy makers are discussed.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Parents / Paternal Behavior / Pneumonia, Viral / Child Welfare / Adolescent Behavior / Parenting / Coronavirus Infections / Betacoronavirus / Maternal Behavior Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0240962

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Parents / Paternal Behavior / Pneumonia, Viral / Child Welfare / Adolescent Behavior / Parenting / Coronavirus Infections / Betacoronavirus / Maternal Behavior Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0240962