Endothelial dysfunction contributes to COVID-19-associated vascular inflammation and coagulopathy.
Rev Cardiovasc Med
; 21(3): 315-319, 2020 09 30.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-875132
ABSTRACT
Great attention has been paid to endothelial dysfunction (ED) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is growing evidence to suggest that the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2 receptor) is expressed on endothelial cells (ECs) in the lung, heart, kidney, and intestine, particularly in systemic vessels (small and large arteries, veins, venules, and capillaries). Upon viral infection of ECs by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronarvirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ECs become activated and dysfunctional. As a result of endothelial activation and ED, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin -1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α), chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen, vWF activity, and factor VIII are elevated. Higher levels of acute phase reactants (IL-6, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer) are also associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that ED contributes to COVID-19-associated vascular inflammation, particularly endotheliitis, in the lung, heart, and kidney, as well as COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, particularly pulmonary fibrinous microthrombi in the alveolar capillaries. Here we present an update on ED-relevant vasculopathy in COVID-19. Further research for ED in COVID-19 patients is warranted to understand therapeutic opportunities.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Pneumonia, Viral
/
Vascular Diseases
/
Vasodilation
/
Blood Coagulation Disorders
/
Endothelium, Vascular
/
Coronavirus Infections
/
Betacoronavirus
Type of study:
Observational study
Topics:
Long Covid
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Rev Cardiovasc Med
Journal subject:
Vascular Diseases
/
Cardiology
Year:
2020
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.rcm.2020.03.126
Similar
MEDLINE
...
LILACS
LIS