Clinical features and antibody response of patients from a COVID-19 treatment hospital in Wuhan, China.

ABSTRACT

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. A total of 1578 patients admitted into a newly built hospital specialized for COVID-19 treatment in Wuhan, China, were enrolled. Clinical features and the levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG were analyzed. In total, 1532 patients (97.2%) were identified as laboratory-confirmed cases. Seventy-seven patients were identified as asymptomatic carriers (n = 64) or SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive before symptom onset (n = 13). The positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG were 80.4% and 96.8%, respectively. The median of IgM and IgG titers were 37.0A U/ml (interquartile range [IQR] 13.4-81.1 AU/ml) and 156.9 AU/ml (IQR 102.8-183.3 AU/ml), respectively. The IgM and IgG levels of asymptomatic patients (median titers, 8.3 AU/ml and 100.3 AU/ml) were much lower than those in symptomatic patients (median titers, 38.0 AU/ml and 158.2 AU/ml). A much lower IgG level was observed in critically ill patients 42-60 days after symptom onset. There were 153 patients with viral RNA shedding after IgG detection. These patients had a higher proportion of critical illness during hospitalization (p < .001) and a longer hospital stay (p < .001) compared to patients with viral clearance after IgG detection. Coronary heart disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.89 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-3.24]; p = .020), and intensive care unit admission (OR, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.31-4.66]; p = .005) were independent risk factors associated with viral RNA shedding after IgG detection. Symptomatic patients produced more antibodies than asymptomatic patients. The patients who had SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding after developing IgG were more likely to be sicker patients.