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Inhibition of Coronavirus Entry In Vitro and Ex Vivo by a Lipid-Conjugated Peptide Derived from the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein HRC Domain.
Outlaw, Victor K; Bovier, Francesca T; Mears, Megan C; Cajimat, Maria N; Zhu, Yun; Lin, Michelle J; Addetia, Amin; Lieberman, Nicole A P; Peddu, Vikas; Xie, Xuping; Shi, Pei-Yong; Greninger, Alexander L; Gellman, Samuel H; Bente, Dennis A; Moscona, Anne; Porotto, Matteo.
  • Outlaw VK; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • Bovier FT; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
  • Mears MC; Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
  • Cajimat MN; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy.
  • Zhu Y; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
  • Lin MJ; Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
  • Addetia A; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
  • Lieberman NAP; Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
  • Peddu V; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
  • Xie X; Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
  • Shi PY; Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
  • Greninger AL; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
  • Gellman SH; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
  • Bente DA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
  • Moscona A; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
  • Porotto M; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
mBio ; 11(5)2020 10 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-883314
ABSTRACT
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has erupted into a global pandemic that has led to tens of millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. The development of therapeutics to treat infection or as prophylactics to halt viral transmission and spread is urgently needed. SARS-CoV-2 relies on structural rearrangements within a spike (S) glycoprotein to mediate fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. Here, we describe the development of a lipopeptide that is derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat (HRC) domain of SARS-CoV-2 S that potently inhibits infection by SARS-CoV-2. The lipopeptide inhibits cell-cell fusion mediated by SARS-CoV-2 S and blocks infection by live SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cell monolayers more effectively than previously described lipopeptides. The SARS-CoV-2 lipopeptide exhibits broad-spectrum activity by inhibiting cell-cell fusion mediated by SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and blocking infection by live MERS-CoV in cell monolayers. We also show that the SARS-CoV-2 HRC-derived lipopeptide potently blocks the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures, an ex vivo model designed to mimic respiratory viral propagation in humans. While viral spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection was widespread in untreated airways, those treated with SARS-CoV-2 HRC lipopeptide showed no detectable evidence of viral spread. These data provide a framework for the development of peptide therapeutics for the treatment of or prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 as well as other coronaviruses.IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, continues to spread globally, placing strain on health care systems and resulting in rapidly increasing numbers of cases and mortalities. Despite the growing need for medical intervention, no FDA-approved vaccines are yet available, and treatment has been limited to supportive therapy for the alleviation of symptoms. Entry inhibitors could fill the important role of preventing initial infection and preventing spread. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a lipopeptide that is derived from the HRC domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein that potently inhibits fusion mediated by SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein and blocks infection by live SARS-CoV-2 in both cell monolayers (in vitro) and human airway tissues (ex vivo). Our results highlight the SARS-CoV-2 HRC-derived lipopeptide as a promising therapeutic candidate for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Antiviral Agents / Virus Internalization / Lipopeptides / Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Betacoronavirus Type of study: Etiology study / Experimental Studies / Observational study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: MBio.01935-20

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Antiviral Agents / Virus Internalization / Lipopeptides / Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Betacoronavirus Type of study: Etiology study / Experimental Studies / Observational study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: MBio.01935-20