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Cryoglobulins: Identification, classification, and novel biomarkers of mysterious proteins.
Napodano, Cecilia; Gulli, Francesca; Rapaccini, Gian Ludovico; Marino, Mariapaola; Basile, Umberto.
  • Napodano C; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, UOC Gastroenterologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" I.R.C.C.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
  • Gulli F; Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Madre Giuseppina Vannini, Rome, Italy.
  • Rapaccini GL; Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, UOC Gastroenterologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" I.R.C.C.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
  • Marino M; Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirurgia Traslazionale, Istituto di Patologia Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" I.R.C.C.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
  • Basile U; Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" I.R.C.C.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: umberto.basile@policlinicogemelli.it.
Adv Clin Chem ; 104: 299-340, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-893387
ABSTRACT
Cryoglobulins consist of serum immunoglobulins that precipitate below 37°C and resolubilize upon warming. The clinical triad of cryoglobulinemia usually includes purpura, weakness, and arthralgia. Cryoglobulinemic syndrome, clinically defined as a systemic vasculitis, is associated with chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and autoimmune disorders and can evolve into B-cell malignancies. While the current literature about HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia is not very limited, little is known about the immunologic and serologic profiles of affected patients. Therefore, comprehension of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying cryoprecipitation could be very helpful. Due to the persistence of viral antigenic stimulation, biomarkers to use after the worsening progression of HCV infection to lymphoproliferative and/or autoimmune diseases are widely needed. Laboratory methods used to detect and characterize low concentrations of cryoprecipitates and immunotyping patterns could improve patient management. The most critical factor affecting cryoglobulin testing is that the pre-analytical phase is not fully completed at 37°C.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Cryoglobulins / Biomarkers / Hepatitis C / Cryoglobulinemia / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Adv Clin Chem Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bs.acc.2020.09.006

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Cryoglobulins / Biomarkers / Hepatitis C / Cryoglobulinemia / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Adv Clin Chem Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bs.acc.2020.09.006