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Gammacoronavirus Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Alphacoronavirus Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Exploit a Cell-Survival Strategy via Upregulation of cFOS to Promote Viral Replication.
Yuan, Li Xia; Liang, Jia Qi; Zhu, Qing Chun; Dai, Guo; Li, Shumin; Fung, To Sing; Liu, Ding Xiang.
  • Yuan LX; South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
  • Liang JQ; South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
  • Zhu QC; South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
  • Dai G; South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
  • Li S; South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
  • Fung TS; South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China tosingfung@qq.com dxliu0001@163.com.
  • Liu DX; South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, and Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China tosingfung@qq.com dxliu0001@163.com.
J Virol ; 2020 Nov 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2288095
ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses have evolved a variety of strategies to optimize cellular microenvironment for efficient replication. In this study, we report the induction of AP-1 transcription factors by coronavirus infection based on genome-wide analyses of differentially expressed genes in cells infected with avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Most members of the AP-1 transcription factors were subsequently found to be upregulated during the course of IBV and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection of cultured cells as well as in IBV-infected chicken embryos. Further characterization of the induction kinetics and functional roles of cFOS in IBV replication demonstrated that upregulation of cFOS at early to intermediate phases of IBV replication cycles suppresses IBV-induced apoptosis and promotes viral replication. Blockage of nuclear translocation of cFOS by peptide inhibitor NLSP suppressed IBV replication and apoptosis, ruling out the involvement of the cytoplasmic functions of cFOS in the replication of IBV. Furthermore, knockdown of ERK1/2 and inhibition of JNK and p38 kinase activities reduced cFOS upregulation and IBV replication. This study reveals an important function of cFOS in the regulation of coronavirus-induced apoptosis, facilitating viral replication.IMPORTANCE The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a newly emerged zoonotic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), highlights the importance of coronaviruses as human and animal pathogens and our knowledge gaps in understanding the cellular mechanisms, especially mechanisms shared among human and animal coronaviruses, exploited by coronaviruses for optimal replication and enhanced pathogenicity. This study reveals that upregulation of cFOS, along with other AP-1 transcription factors, as a cell-survival strategy is such a mechanism utilized by coronaviruses during their replication cycles. Through induction and regulation of apoptosis of the infected cells at early to intermediate phases of the replication cycles, subtle but appreciable differences in coronavirus replication efficiency were observed when the expression levels of cFOS were manipulated in the infected cells. As the AP-1 transcription factors are multi-functional, further studies of their regulatory roles in proinflammatory responses may provide new insights into the pathogenesis and virus-host interactions during coronavirus infection.

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Prognostic study Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Prognostic study Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article