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Prevalence of psychological disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic in China: A real world cross-sectional study.
Wang, Minghuan; Zhao, Qian; Hu, Caihong; Wang, Yang; Cao, Jie; Huang, Shanshan; Li, Jin; Huang, Yanzhu; Liang, Qiming; Guo, Zhenli; Wang, Li; Ma, Li; Zhang, Sheng; Wang, Hongmin; Zhu, Chunli; Luo, Wenjing; Guo, Canshou; Chen, Chunfa; Chen, Yu; Xu, Kang; Yang, Hongxia; Ye, Lihua; Wang, Qing; Zhan, Peiyan; Li, Gang; Yang, Mia Jiming; Fang, Yuxin; Zhu, Suiqiang; Yang, Yuan.
  • Wang M; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Zhao Q; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Hu C; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Wang Y; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Cao J; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Huang S; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Li J; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Huang Y; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Liang Q; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Guo Z; Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, 430015, China.
  • Wang L; Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China.
  • Ma L; Jingzhou Central Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Yangtze University, Hubei 430000, China.
  • Zhang S; Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China.
  • Wang H; The Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, 438000, China.
  • Zhu C; Wuhan Red Cross hospital, Wuhan 430015, China.
  • Luo W; People's liberation Army General Hospital of Central Theatre Command, 430000, China.
  • Guo C; Jianghan University Hospital, Wuhan 430015, China.
  • Chen C; The Second Hospital of Huangshi, Hubei 430000, China.
  • Chen Y; The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430022, China.
  • Xu K; General Hospital of The Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan Brain Hospital, 430000, China.
  • Yang H; 95829 Military Hospital of the PLA of China, 430012, China.
  • Ye L; Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Wang Q; Wuhan No. 9 Hospital, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Zhan P; The Central Hospital of Wuhan, 430014, China.
  • Li G; Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Yang MJ; Institute for Healthcare Management and Health Science, Faculty of Law, Business & Economics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
  • Fang Y; Wuhan Britain-China School, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Zhu S; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
  • Yang Y; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. Electronic address: yuanyang70@hotmail.com.
J Affect Disord ; 281: 312-320, 2021 02 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-949938
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to explore the prevalence of psychological disorders and associated factors at different stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in China.

METHODS:

The mental health status of respondents was assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) scale.

RESULTS:

5657 individuals participated in this study. History of chronic disease was a common risk factor for severe present depression (OR 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-2.66, p < 0.001), anxiety (OR 2.41, 95% CI, 1.97-2.95, p < 0.001), and insomnia (OR 2.33, 95% CI, 1.83-2.95, p < 0.001) in the survey population. Female respondents had a higher risk of depression (OR 1.61, 95% CI, 1.39-1.87, p < 0.001) and anxiety (OR 1.35, 95% CI, 1.15-1.57, p < 0.001) than males. Among the medical workers, confirmed or suspected positive COVID-19 infection as associated with higher scores for depression (confirmed, OR 1.87; suspected, OR 4.13), anxiety (confirmed, OR 3.05; suspected, OR 3.07), and insomnia (confirmed, OR 3.46; suspected, OR 4.71).

LIMITATION:

The cross-sectional design of present study presents inference about causality. The present psychological assessment was based on an online survey and on self-report tools, albeit using established instruments. We cannot estimate the participation rate, since we cannot know how many potential subjects received and opened the link for the survey.

CONCLUSIONS:

Females, non-medical workers and those with a history of chronic diseases have had higher risks for depression, insomnia, and anxiety. Positive COVID-19 infection status was associated with higher risk of depression, insomnia, and anxiety in medical workers.
Subject(s)
Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Mental Health / Pandemics / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: J Affect Disord Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.jad.2020.11.118

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Mental Health / Pandemics / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: J Affect Disord Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.jad.2020.11.118