Endocrine Involvement in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Implications for Care.
Indian J Endocrinol Metab
; 24(5): 381-386, 2020.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-958322
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID -19) has rapidly emerged as a global pandemic with multi-system involvement. Involvement of the endocrine system is expected in COVID-19 as the interplay between severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2) and the endocrine system occurs at multiple levels. The widespread presence of ACE-2 receptors on various tissues suggests scope for direct viral infection. The interactions via the activation of inflammatory mediators and indirect immune-mediated damage are also postulated. Evidence so far suggests that COVID-19 can cause functional hypopituitarism by direct and indirect effects on the hypothalamo-pituitary axis resulting in inappropriate adrenal response to stress. Several reports highlight possible immune-mediated damage to thyroid glands resulting in subacute thyroiditis. COVID-19 is implicated in precipitating hyperglycemia in known diabetics and uncovering insulin resistance in those previously undiagnosed. COVID-19 has also been shown to trigger Type 1 Diabetes with ketosis. Various mechanisms including direct virus-induced beta cell apoptosis and immune-mediated beta-cell damage have been demonstrated. The presence of virus in semen has unclear clinical significance at present. In this mini-review summarize the endocrine manifestations reported so far in COVID-19 disease and explore mechanisms to decipher how SARS CoV-2 may affect various endocrine organs.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Language:
English
Journal:
Indian J Endocrinol Metab
Year:
2020
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Ijem.IJEM_440_20
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