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A Novel Strategy for the Development of Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Other Viruses Using AI and Viral Shell Disorder.
Goh, Gerard Kian-Meng; Dunker, A Keith; Foster, James A; Uversky, Vladimir N.
  • Goh GK; Goh's BioComputing, Singapore 548957, Republic of Singapore.
  • Dunker AK; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States.
  • Foster JA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States.
  • Uversky VN; Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States.
J Proteome Res ; 19(11): 4355-4363, 2020 11 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-960289
ABSTRACT
A model that predicts levels of coronavirus (CoV) respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials based on the shell disorder has been built using neural network (artificial intelligence, AI) analysis of the percentage of disorder (PID) in the nucleocapsid, N, and membrane, M, proteins of the inner and outer viral shells, respectively. Using primarily the PID of N, SARS-CoV-2 is grouped as having intermediate levels of both respiratory and fecal-oral transmission potentials. Related studies, using similar methodologies, have found strong positive correlations between virulence and inner shell disorder among numerous viruses, including Nipah, Ebola, and Dengue viruses. There is some evidence that this is also true for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, which have N PIDs of 48% and 50%, and case-fatality rates of 0.5-5% and 10.9%, respectively. The underlying relationship between virulence and respiratory potentials has to do with the viral loads of vital organs and body fluids, respectively. Viruses can spread by respiratory means only if the viral loads in saliva and mucus exceed certain minima. Similarly, a patient is likelier to die when the viral load overwhelms vital organs. Greater disorder in inner shell proteins has been known to play important roles in the rapid replication of viruses by enhancing the efficiency pertaining to protein-protein/DNA/RNA/lipid bindings. This paper suggests a novel strategy in attenuating viruses involving comparison of disorder patterns of inner shells (N) of related viruses to identify residues and regions that could be ideal for mutation. The M protein of SARS-CoV-2 has one of the lowest M PID values (6%) in its family, and therefore, this virus has one of the hardest outer shells, which makes it resistant to antimicrobial enzymes in body fluid. While this is likely responsible for its greater contagiousness, the risks of creating an attenuated virus with a more disordered M are discussed.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pneumonia, Viral / Artificial Intelligence / Viral Vaccines / Coronavirus Infections / Pandemics / Betacoronavirus Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Proteome Res Journal subject: Biochemistry Year: 2020 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pneumonia, Viral / Artificial Intelligence / Viral Vaccines / Coronavirus Infections / Pandemics / Betacoronavirus Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Proteome Res Journal subject: Biochemistry Year: 2020 Document Type: Article