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SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater Settled Solids Is Associated with COVID-19 Cases in a Large Urban Sewershed.
Graham, Katherine E; Loeb, Stephanie K; Wolfe, Marlene K; Catoe, David; Sinnott-Armstrong, Nasa; Kim, Sooyeol; Yamahara, Kevan M; Sassoubre, Lauren M; Mendoza Grijalva, Lorelay M; Roldan-Hernandez, Laura; Langenfeld, Kathryn; Wigginton, Krista R; Boehm, Alexandria B.
  • Graham KE; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford 94305, California, United States.
  • Loeb SK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford 94305, California, United States.
  • Wolfe MK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford 94305, California, United States.
  • Catoe D; Joint Initiative for Metrology in Biology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford 94305, California, United States.
  • Sinnott-Armstrong N; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford 94305, California, United States.
  • Kim S; Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, California, United States.
  • Yamahara KM; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford 94305, California, United States.
  • Sassoubre LM; Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing 95039, California, United States.
  • Mendoza Grijalva LM; Department of Engineering, University of San Francisco, San Francisco 94117, California, United States.
  • Roldan-Hernandez L; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford 94305, California, United States.
  • Langenfeld K; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford 94305, California, United States.
  • Wigginton KR; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States.
  • Boehm AB; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States.
Environ Sci Technol ; 55(1): 488-498, 2021 01 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-962234
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ABSTRACT
Wastewater-based epidemiology may be useful for informing public health response to viral diseases like COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. We quantified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater influent and primary settled solids in two wastewater treatment plants to inform the preanalytical and analytical approaches and to assess whether influent or solids harbored more viral targets. The primary settled solids samples resulted in higher SARS-CoV-2 detection frequencies than the corresponding influent samples. Likewise, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was more readily detected in solids using one-step digital droplet (dd)RT-PCR than with two-step RT-QPCR and two-step ddRT-PCR, likely owing to reduced inhibition with the one-step ddRT-PCR assay. We subsequently analyzed a longitudinal time series of 89 settled solids samples from a single plant for SARS-CoV-2 RNA as well as coronavirus recovery (bovine coronavirus) and fecal strength (pepper mild mottle virus) controls. SARS-CoV-2 RNA targets N1 and N2 concentrations correlated positively and significantly with COVID-19 clinically confirmed case counts in the sewershed. Together, the results demonstrate that measuring SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in settled solids may be a more sensitive approach than measuring SARS-CoV-2 in influent.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Coronavirus Infections / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Environ Sci Technol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Acs.est.0c06191

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Coronavirus Infections / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Environ Sci Technol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Acs.est.0c06191