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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Factors during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Norway.
Bonsaksen, Tore; Heir, Trond; Schou-Bredal, Inger; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila; Grimholt, Tine K.
  • Bonsaksen T; Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2418 Elverum, Norway.
  • Heir T; Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, 4306 Sandnes, Norway.
  • Schou-Bredal I; Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, 0484 Oslo, Norway.
  • Ekeberg Ø; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
  • Skogstad L; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
  • Grimholt TK; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Environ Res Public Health ; 17(24)2020 12 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-965679
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 outbreak and the sudden lockdown of society in March 2020 had a large impact on people's daily life and gave rise to concerns for the mental health in the general population. The aim of the study was to examine post-traumatic stress reactions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of symptom-defined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and factors associated with post-traumatic stress in the Norwegian population during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. A survey was administered via social media channels, to which a sample of 4527 adults (≥18 years) responded. Symptom-defined PTSD was measured with the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5. The items were specifically linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the DSM-5 diagnostic guidelines to categorize participants as fulfilling the PTSD symptom criteria or not. Associations with PTSD were examined with single and multiple logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of symptom-defined PTSD was 12.5% for men and 19.5% for women. PTSD was associated with lower age, female gender, lack of social support, and a range of pandemic-related variables such as economic concerns, expecting economic loss, having been in quarantine or isolation, being at high risk for complications from COVID-19 infection, and having concern for family and close friends. In conclusion, post-traumatic stress reactions appear to be common in the Norwegian population in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. Concerns about finances, health, and family and friends seem to matter.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Pandemics / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ijerph17249210

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Pandemics / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ijerph17249210