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Biomolecular endotype factors involved in COVID-19 airway infectivity: A systematic review.
Jain, Neil; Varman, Rahul; Tarbox, James A; Nguyen, Tam.
  • Jain N; Department of Otolaryngology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, STOP 8315, Lubbock, TX 79430-8315, United States. Electronic address: Neil.Jain@ttuhsc.edu.
  • Varman R; Department of Otolaryngology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, STOP 8315, Lubbock, TX 79430-8315, United States.
  • Tarbox JA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, STOP 9410, Lubbock, TX 79430-8315, United States.
  • Nguyen T; Department of Otolaryngology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, STOP 8315, Lubbock, TX 79430-8315, United States.
Auris Nasus Larynx ; 48(1): 32-40, 2021 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-967244
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

To review the current knowledge of biomolecular factors surrounding otorhinolaryngeal illnesses and analyze their presence in COVID-19 virulence. Emphasis was placed on cytokines and vitamin D for determining susceptibility of illness.

METHODS:

A primary literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published between January 1, 2002 to May 31, 2020, was performed without language restrictions from May 8, 2020 to May 31, 2020. A focused second search was conducted from October 31, 2020 to November 2, 2020 for articles published between January 1, 2002 to October 31, 2020. Eligible articles were selected after evaluation of titles, abstracts, and references. A total of 45 were included in this review.

RESULTS:

Differing endotype classification schemes are used to determine cytokines present in chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, and allergies. While immunologic responses and biomarkers are primary methods of differentiation, recent literature has also implicated geographic distribution of chronic rhinosinusitis patients in accounting for cytokine variations. The cytokines of interest (IL-4, IL-13, and INF-γ) present in the endotypes of these conditions may point towards protective mechanisms against COVID-19 through downregulation of the ACE2 receptor. These cytokines and Vitamin D highlight new areas of study for factors affecting SARS-CoV-2 virulence.

CONCLUSIONS:

Further research is needed to understand the effects of Vitamin D and the various cytokines prevalent among endotypes of nasal/pharyngeal illnesses on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Findings may point towards epidemiologic trends of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and have future therapeutic indications.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Auris Nasus Larynx Year: 2021 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Auris Nasus Larynx Year: 2021 Document Type: Article