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FDA-Approved Drugs with Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.
Mostafa, Ahmed; Kandeil, Ahmed; A M M Elshaier, Yaseen; Kutkat, Omnia; Moatasim, Yassmin; Rashad, Adel A; Shehata, Mahmoud; Gomaa, Mokhtar R; Mahrous, Noura; Mahmoud, Sara H; GabAllah, Mohamed; Abbas, Hisham; Taweel, Ahmed El; Kayed, Ahmed E; Kamel, Mina Nabil; Sayes, Mohamed El; Mahmoud, Dina B; El-Shesheny, Rabeh; Kayali, Ghazi; Ali, Mohamed A.
  • Mostafa A; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Kandeil A; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • A M M Elshaier Y; Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt.
  • Kutkat O; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Moatasim Y; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Rashad AA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
  • Shehata M; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Gomaa MR; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Mahrous N; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Mahmoud SH; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • GabAllah M; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Abbas H; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
  • Taweel AE; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Kayed AE; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Kamel MN; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Sayes ME; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Mahmoud DB; Pharmaceutics Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12654, Egypt.
  • El-Shesheny R; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
  • Kayali G; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
  • Ali MA; Human Link, Baabda 1109, Lebanon.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel) ; 13(12)2020 Dec 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-968330
ABSTRACT
(1)

Background:

Drug repositioning is an unconventional drug discovery approach to explore new therapeutic benefits of existing drugs. Currently, it emerges as a rapid avenue to alleviate the COVID-19 pandemic disease. (2)

Methods:

Herein, we tested the antiviral activity of anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, commonly prescribed to relieve respiratory symptoms, against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the viral causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. (3)

Results:

Of these FDA-approved antimicrobial drugs, Azithromycin, Niclosamide, and Nitazoxanide showed a promising ability to hinder the replication of a SARS-CoV-2 isolate, with IC50 of 0.32, 0.16, and 1.29 µM, respectively. We provided evidence that several antihistamine and anti-inflammatory drugs could partially reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Furthermore, this study showed that Azithromycin can selectively impair SARS-CoV-2 replication, but not the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). A virtual screening study illustrated that Azithromycin, Niclosamide, and Nitazoxanide bind to the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Protein data bank (PDB) ID 6lu7) in binding mode similar to the reported co-crystalized ligand. Also, Niclosamide displayed hydrogen bond (HB) interaction with the key peptide moiety GLN 493A of the spike glycoprotein active site. (4)

Conclusions:

The results suggest that Piroxicam should be prescribed in combination with Azithromycin for COVID-19 patients.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ph13120443

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Language: English Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ph13120443