Germinal Center and Extrafollicular B Cell Responses in Vaccination, Immunity, and Autoimmunity.
Immunity
; 53(6): 1136-1150, 2020 12 15.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-978309
ABSTRACT
Activated B cells participate in either extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) responses. Canonical responses are composed of a short wave of plasmablasts (PBs) arising from EF sites, followed by GC producing somatically mutated memory B cells (MBC) and long-lived plasma cells. However, somatic hypermutation (SHM) and affinity maturation can take place at both sites, and a substantial fraction of MBC are produced prior to GC formation. Infection responses range from GC responses that persist for months to persistent EF responses with dominant suppression of GCs. Here, we review the current understanding of the functional output of EF and GC responses and the molecular switches promoting them. We discuss the signals that regulate the magnitude and duration of these responses, and outline gaps in knowledge and important areas of inquiry. Understanding such molecular switches will be critical for vaccine development, interpretation of vaccine efficacy and the treatment for autoimmune diseases.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
B-Lymphocytes
/
B-Lymphocyte Subsets
/
Germinal Center
/
Immunity
Topics:
Vaccines
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Immunity
Journal subject:
Allergy and Immunology
Year:
2020
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.immuni.2020.11.006
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