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Association Between Vitamin D and Novel SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Dysfunction - A Scoping Review of Current Evidence and Its Implication for COVID-19 Pandemic.
Santaolalla, Aida; Beckmann, Kerri; Kibaru, Joyce; Josephs, Debra; Van Hemelrijck, Mieke; Irshad, Sheeba.
  • Santaolalla A; Translational Oncology and Urology Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
  • Beckmann K; Translational Oncology and Urology Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
  • Kibaru J; Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
  • Josephs D; Translational Oncology and Urology Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
  • Van Hemelrijck M; Translational Oncology and Urology Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
  • Irshad S; Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Front Physiol ; 11: 564387, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-979032
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

To assess the association between vitamin D deficiency and increased morbidity/mortality with COVID-19 respiratory dysfunction.

DESIGN:

Scoping review. DATA SOURCES Ovid MEDLINE (1946 to 24 of April 2020) and PubMed (2020 to 17 of September 2020). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES A search using the search terms [(cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol or vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 or vitamin D or 25OHD) and (SARS-CoV-2 or coronavirus or COVID or betacoronavirus or MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV or respiratory infection or acute respiratory distress syndrome or ARDS)]m.p. was conducted on the 24/04/2020 (Search A) and 17/09/2020 (Search B).

RESULTS:

91 studies were identified as being concerned with Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and vitamin D, and 25 publications specifically explored the role of vitamin D deficiency in the development and progression of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 related ARDS. Search "A" identified three main themes of indirect evidence supporting such an association. Consistent epidemiological evidence exists linking low vitamin D levels to increased risk and severity of respiratory tract infections. We also report on plausible biological processes supporting such an association; and present weaker evidence supporting the benefit of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk and severity of ARIs. Uncertainty remains about what constitutes an appropriate dosing regimen in relation to reducing risk/severity of ARI/ARDS. More recent evidence (Search B) provided new insights into some direct links between vitamin D and COVID-19; with a number of cohort and ecological studies supporting an association with PCR-positivity for SARS-CoV-2 and vitamin D deficiency. The exact efficacy of the vitamin D supplementation for prevention of, or as an adjunct treatment for COVID-19 remains to be determined; but a number of randomized control trials (RCTs) currently underway are actively investigating these potential benefits.

CONCLUSION:

Our rapid review of literature supports the need for observational studies with COVID-19 infected populations to measure and assess vitamin D levels in relation to risk/severity and outcomes; alongside RCTs designed to evaluate the efficacy of supplementation both in preventive and therapeutic contexts. The overlap in the vitamin D associated biological pathways with the dysregulation reported to drive COVID-19 outcomes warrants further investigation.
Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews Language: English Journal: Front Physiol Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fphys.2020.564387

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews Language: English Journal: Front Physiol Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fphys.2020.564387