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Analysis of type I IFN response and T cell activation in severe COVID-19/HIV-1 coinfection: A case report.
d'Ettorre, Gabriella; Recchia, Gregorio; Ridolfi, Marco; Siccardi, Guido; Pinacchio, Claudia; Innocenti, Giuseppe Pietro; Santinelli, Letizia; Frasca, Federica; Bitossi, Camilla; Ceccarelli, Giancarlo; Borrazzo, Cristian; Antonelli, Guido; Scagnolari, Carolina; Mastroianni, Claudio Maria.
  • d'Ettorre G; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155.
  • Recchia G; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155.
  • Ridolfi M; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155.
  • Siccardi G; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155.
  • Pinacchio C; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155.
  • Innocenti GP; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155.
  • Santinelli L; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155.
  • Frasca F; Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University.
  • Bitossi C; Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University.
  • Ceccarelli G; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155.
  • Borrazzo C; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155.
  • Antonelli G; Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University.
  • Scagnolari C; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
  • Mastroianni CM; Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 99(36): e21803, 2020 Sep 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-982498
ABSTRACT
RATIONALE Complex immune dysregulation in interferon (IFN) and T cell response has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected patients as well as in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)/HIV-1 coinfection has been described in only few cases worldwide and no data are available on immunological outcomes in HIV-1-patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Hence, this study aims to compare type I IFN response and T cell activation levels between a SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-coinfected female patient and age-matched HIV-1-positive or uninfected women. PATIENT CONCERNS A 52-year-old woman diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1 coinfection, ten HIV-1-positive women and five age-matched-healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. DIAGNOSES SARS-CoV-2 infection caused severe pneumonia in the second week of illness in HIV-1-positive patient under protease inhibitors. Chest high-resolution computed tomography images of the SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-coinfected patient showed bilateral ground-glass opacities.

INTERVENTIONS:

SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-coinfected female patient under darunavir/cobicistat regimen received a 7-days hydroxychloroquine therapy. Analysis of IFNα/ß mRNA levels and CD4 and CD8 T cell (CD38, human leukocyte antigen-DR [HLA-DR], CD38 HLA-DR) frequencies were performed by RT/real-time PCR assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Median relative difference (MRD) was calculated for each immunological variable. For values greater than reference, MRD should be a positive number and for values that are smaller, MRD should be negative.

OUTCOMES:

The severe pneumonia observed in SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-positive patient under protease inhibitors was reversed by a 7-days hydroxychloroquine therapy. At the end of treatment, on day 7, patient reported resolution of fever, normalization of respiratory rate (14 breaths/min), and improved oxygen arterial pressure with a FiO2 of 30%. MRD values for IFNα/ß and CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing CD38 and/or HLA-DR found in SARS-CoV-2-/HIV-1-coinfected woman were approximatively equal to 0 when refereed respectively to HIV-1-positive female patients [MRDs IFNα/ß median -0.2545 (range -0.5/0.1); T cells median -0.11 (range -0.8/1.3)] and ≥ 6 when referred to healthy individuals [MRDs IFNα/ß median 28.45 (range 15/41.9); T cells median 10 (range 6/22)]. LESSONS These results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-1-positive female patient was associated with increased levels of IFNα/ß-mRNAs and T cell activation compared to healthy individuals.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pneumonia, Viral / HIV Infections / Coronavirus Infections / Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Type of study: Case report / Observational study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Female / Humans / Middle aged Language: English Journal: Medicine (Baltimore) Year: 2020 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pneumonia, Viral / HIV Infections / Coronavirus Infections / Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Type of study: Case report / Observational study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Female / Humans / Middle aged Language: English Journal: Medicine (Baltimore) Year: 2020 Document Type: Article