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Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality.
Moradian, Negar; Gouravani, Mahdi; Salehi, Mohammad Amin; Heidari, Arash; Shafeghat, Melika; Hamblin, Michael R; Rezaei, Nima.
  • Moradian N; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  • Gouravani M; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  • Salehi MA; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  • Heidari A; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  • Shafeghat M; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
  • Hamblin MR; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA, Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa, Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimm
  • Rezaei N; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran Univers
Eur Cytokine Netw ; 31(3): 81-93, 2020 Sep 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-999892
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patients in comparison with mildly affected patients suggest that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in the severe form of the disease. In this paper, the significant role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and their mechanism of action in the CRS cascade is explained. Potential therapeutic approaches involving anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies to fight COVID-19 and reduce mortality rate in severe cases are also discussed.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Interleukin-6 / Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Pandemics / Cytokine Release Syndrome / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / COVID-19 Drug Treatment / Antibodies Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Eur Cytokine Netw Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ecn.2020.0451

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Interleukin-6 / Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Pandemics / Cytokine Release Syndrome / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / COVID-19 Drug Treatment / Antibodies Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Eur Cytokine Netw Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ecn.2020.0451