China’s International Liner Shipping Network Evolution and Vulnerability Based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data

ABSTRACT

Container shipping network is an important basis for global manufacturing and supply chain operation. China’s international liner shipping network has become one of the most essential sub-networks of the global container shipping network. Based on ship Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, this paper calculated the leading indicators of complex networks of China’s international liner shipping network, the Belt and Road network, the China-US network, and the China-Africa network. Analyzed the network characteristics, port importance, and network evolution and vulnerability. The study found that, from 2016 to 2019, the scope of China’s international liner shipping network was expanded. The number of nodes increased from 468 to 622, and the efficiency of the network has increased by 7.8%. In the meantime, the importance of ports in the network has changed, as Busan replaced Singapore as the highest connectivity node of China's container shipping network. Moreover, the paralysis of Busan, Singapore, Hong Kong, Antwerp, and Port Said has a significant impact on China's foreign trade route network transportation. This study helps us to assess the vulnerability of shipping networks under the impact of COVID-19 and provides useful Suggestions for maintaining global supply chain security.