Study on the Effect of Incentive Spirometer-based Respiratory Training on the Long COVID-19

ABSTRACT

ConditionCOVID-19 Pandemic;Diabetes;Hypertension;Cardiac Disease;Long COVID

InterventionBehavioral Incentive Spirometer respiratory training

Primary outcome:Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale

Criteria
Inclusion Criteria

1. Individuals who have contracted and recovered from COVID-19 within the past year must
present proof of diagnosis, such as medical certificates or screening results. The
ICD-10 diagnosis codes are U07.1 for confirmed COVID-19 viral infection, and U09.0
for post-COVID-19 condition, unspecified. Recovery is defined as testing negative in a
COVID-19 rapid test.

2. Never diagnosed with hypertensive diseases (ICD-10 codes I10.x or I11.x), diabetes
(ICD-10 codes E10.x or E11.x), or heart diseases (ICD-10 codes I25.x, I50.x, I65.x,
or I67.x and classified as Class I or II by the New York Heart Association functional
classification).

3. Exhibiting long-term respiratory symptoms related to COVID-19, such as post-exertional
breathlessness, chest discomfort, cough, difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, etc.,
and meeting at least one of these criteria for inclusion.

4. Aged between 20 - 90 years.

5. Able to communicate in and understand Mandarin or Taiwanese, either verbally or
non-verbally.

6. Willing to participate in the study and agree to be assigned.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Patients with a functional status classified as level 5 or higher on the Modified
Rankin Scale (MRS), indicating severe disability and bedridden status.

2. Patients suffering from dementia, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, etc.

3. Patients with acute psychiatric symptoms who are unable to communicate.

4. Individuals with a high risk of litigation.

5. Patients suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or any other
respiratory system diseases.

6. Patients with moderate or severe heart disease, classified as Class III or IV by the
New York Heart Association functional classification.

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