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Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 persists 9 months post-symptoms with an altered T cell phenotype compared to influenza A virus-specific memory (preprint)
medrxiv; 2021.
Preprint
in English
| medRxiv | ID: ppzbmed-10.1101.2021.06.08.21258518
ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 induces T cell, B cell and antibody responses that are detected for several months in recovered individuals. Whether this response resembles a typical respiratory viral infection is a matter of debate. Here we followed T cell and antibody responses in 24 mainly non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects at two time points (median of 45- and 145-days post-symptom onset). Antibody responses were detected in 95% of subjects, with a strong correlation between plasma and salivary anti-S and anti-RBD IgG, as well as a correlation between circulating T follicular helper cells and the SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response. Based on intracellular cytokine production or proliferation, CD4+ T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in all subjects, decaying with a half-life of 5-6 months for S-specific IL-2-producing cells. CD4+ responses were largely of the T helper 1 phenotype, but with a lower ratio of IFN-{gamma} IL-2 producing cells and a lower frequency of CD8+ CD4+ T cells compared to influenza A virus-(IAV)-specific memory responses within the same subjects. Analysis of secreted molecules also revealed a lower ratio of IFN-{gamma} IL-2 and IFN-{gamma} IL-6 and an altered cytotoxic profile for S- and N-specific compared to IAV-specific responses. These data suggest that the memory T-cell phenotype after a single infection with SARS-CoV-2 persists over time, with an altered cytokine and cytotoxic profile compared to long term memory to IAV within the same subjects.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Preprints
Database:
medRxiv
Main subject:
Respiratory Tract Infections
/
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Language:
English
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Preprint
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