Comparison of vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant in patients receiving haemodialysis (preprint)

ABSTRACT

Background Emerging data suggest a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness against Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection. There is also evidence to show that Omicron is less pathogenic than previous variants. For clinically vulnerable populations, a less pathogenic variant may still have significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Herein we assess the clinical impact of Omicron infection, and vaccine effectiveness, in an in-centre haemodialysis (IC-HD) population. Methods One thousand, one hundred and twenty-one IC-HD patients were included in the analysis, all patients underwent weekly screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection via RT-PCR testing between 1 st December 2021 and 16 th January 2022. Screening for infection via weekly RT-PCR testing and 3-monthly serological assessment started prior to the vaccine roll out in 2020. Results Omicron infection was diagnosed in 145/1121 (12.9%) patients over the study period, equating to an infection rate of 3.1 per 1000 patient days. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Omicron infection in patients who had received a booster vaccine was 58 (23-75)%, p=0.002; VE was seen in patients who received either ChAdOx1, VE of 47(2-70)%, p=0.034, or BNT162b2, VE of 66 (36-81)%, p=0.0005, as their first two doses. No protection against infection was seen in patients who were partially vaccinated (2-doses), p=0.83. Prior infection was associated with reduced likelihood of Omicron infection, HR 0.69 (0.50-0.96), p=0.0289. Four (2.8%) patients died within 28 days of infection diagnosis, with no excess mortality was seen in patients with infection. Conclusion 3-doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are required in ICHD to provide protection against Omicron infection.