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Robust SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell immunity following three COVID-19 vaccine doses in inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving anti-TNF or alternative treatments (preprint)
medrxiv; 2022.
Preprint
in English
| medRxiv | ID: ppzbmed-10.1101.2022.12.13.22283434
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
Vaccine-mediated immune responses in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be influenced by IBD therapies. We investigated in-depth humoral and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in IBD patients following three COVID-19 vaccine doses.METHODS:
Immune responses of 100 SARS-CoV-2-uninfected IBD patients on varying treatments were compared to healthy controls (n=35). Anti-S1/2 and anti-RBD SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were measured at baseline and at five time-points after COVID-19 vaccination.RESULTS:
Anti-S1/2 and anti-RBD antibody concentrations at ~1 month after second dose vaccination were significantly lower in anti-TNF-treated patients compared to non-TNF IBD patients and healthy controls (126.4 vs 262.1 and 295.5, p<0.0001). Anti-S1/2 antibodies remained reduced in anti-TNF treated patients before and after the third dose (285.7 vs 365.3, p=0.03), although anti-RBD antibodies reached comparable titres to non-TNF patients. Anti-RBD antibodies were higher in the vedolizumab group than controls after second dose (4.2 vs 3.6, p=0.003). Anti-TNF monotherapy was associated with increased CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation compared to combination anti-TNF patients after second dose, but comparable after third dose. Overall, IBD patients demonstrated similar CD4+/CD8+ T-cell responses compared to healthy controls regardless of treatment regimen.CONCLUSIONS:
Anti-TNFs impaired antibody concentrations when compared to non-TNF patients and controls after two vaccine doses. These differences were not observed after the third vaccine dose. However, vaccine induced SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses are robust in anti-TNF-treated patients. Our study supports the need for timely booster vaccination particularly in anti-TNF treated patients to minimise the risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Preprints
Database:
medRxiv
Main subject:
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
/
COVID-19
Language:
English
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Preprint
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