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Temporal profiling of human lymphoid tissues reveals coordinated defence to viral challenge (preprint)
biorxiv; 2023.
Preprint
in English
| bioRxiv | ID: ppzbmed-10.1101.2023.09.15.558006
ABSTRACT
Adaptive immunity is generated in lymphoid organs, but how these structures defend themselves during infection in humans is unknown. The nasal epithelium is a major site of viral entry, with adenoid nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) generating early adaptive responses. Here, using a nasopharyngeal biopsy, we examined longitudinal immune responses in NALT following viral challenge, using SARS-CoV-2 infection as a natural experimental model. In acute infection, infiltrating monocytes formed a subepithelial and peri-follicular shield, recruiting NET-forming neutrophils, whilst tissue macrophages expressed pro-repair molecules during convalescence to promote the restoration of tissue integrity. Germinal centre B cells expressed anti-viral transcripts that inversely correlated with fate-defining transcription factors. Among T cells, tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells alone showed clonal expansion and maintained cytotoxic transcriptional programmes into convalescence. Together our study provides a unique insight into how human nasal adaptive immune responses are generated and sustained in the face of viral challenge.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Preprints
Database:
bioRxiv
Main subject:
Acute Disease
/
COVID-19
Language:
English
Year:
2023
Document Type:
Preprint
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