Unveiling Vulnerabilities in Maternal-Child Health amidst COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study on Food Insecurity and Socio-Demographic Disparities in the U.S. (preprint)

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveEarly infancy is a critical time of development when stresses, nutritional deficiencies, and other challenges have lifelong consequences. Social distancing regulations due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to abrupt changes in work status, childcare accessibility, and food availability. DesignThis cross-sectional study assessed responses regarding experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, including food insecurity (validated two-question screener), WIC use, and changes in childcare accessibility and work status. Data were assessed using logistic regressions while controlling for sociodemographic factors. SettingNational U.S. online survey in July-August 2020. ParticipantsU.S. mothers (n=1861) with infants [≤]12 months old. ResultsWe detected a 34% increase in perceived food insecurity during July-August 2020 compared to that before the pandemic. Hispanic mothers had 74% higher odds of becoming food insecure than non-Hispanic White mothers. Mothers with infants <9 weeks old had a 7% increase in WIC utilization, although no overall increase in WIC usage was detected. Most mothers (71%) reported moderate or extreme impacts from the pandemic, with higher odds associated with childcare interruptions, working from home, and identifying as Hispanic or non-Hispanic Black. ConclusionsOur findings reveal specific sociodemographic groups of mothers with infants who were especially vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. These insights hold significant value for tailoring supportive programs, equipping these groups for potential socioeconomic upheavals, and aiding their transition into the post-pandemic world.