Sleep Disorder During the Third Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic among Malaysian Adults (preprint)

ABSTRACT

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus posits deleterious consequences on global healthcare system while affecting human life in every aspect. Despite various measures undertaken to limit the socio-economic effect of coronavirus, various challenges remain pervasive, and one such challenge is mental health, particularly sleep disorders. Therefore, this study examines the prevalence and determinants of sleep disorders among Malaysian adults. Methods: An online survey was conducted from 11 January to May 2021. Structured questionnaire link using Google form was sent to the adults through E-mail in Malaysia. The study utilized Holland Sleep Disorder Questionnaire (HSDQ) to screen out the various sleep disorders, namely; Insomnia, Parasomnia, Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder (CRSD), Hypersomnia, Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS/PLMD), and Sleep-disordered Breathing (SDB). Percentage distribution and logistic regression analysis were used as study tools. Results: Around 70% of the surveyed population had one or another sleep disorder. One-third reported RLS/PLMD (34.8%) and CRSD (33.9%). More than one-fourth of the adults reported Insomnia (29.7%) and Hypersomnia (25.8%). Increased risk of sleep disorders was found to be associated with being unemployed (OR=2.4, C.I.=1.17-4.89). The risk of insomnia and hypersomnia was higher among female adults (OR=1.6, C.I.=1.11-2.3) and unemployed adults (OR=2.4, C.I.=1.23-5.04), respectively. Conclusion: Immediate interventions to prevent aggravation of sleep disorders should be promoted. It is recommended to bring forth psychiatric and psychological support to those suffering from various sleep disorders in the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Government shall impart counselling through various online channels consisting of psychologists and sleep experts to improve the quality of sleep.