Factores de riesgo asociados con lesión obstétrica del esfínter anal: cohorte retrospectiva / Risk factors associated with obstetric anal sphincter injury: A retrospective cohort
Estudio de cohorte simple, retrospectivo, al que que se incluyeron pacientes que finalizaron el embarazo por parto, entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2017, en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes. Criterios de inclusión embarazo mayor de 35 semanas, con feto único y en presentación cefálica. La variable dependiente de lesión obstétrica del esfínter anal se clasificó en tercer y cuarto grado. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS Statistics 23; la prueba de χ2 y t de Student para la comparación entre grupos, y razón de momios con intervalo de confianza de 95%.
A simple retrospective cohort was performed where all women with vaginal delivery were identified in a period of 5 years (January 2013 to December 2017). Pregnancies older than 35 weeks were included, unique and in cephalic presentation. The dependent variable of obstetric lesion of the anal sphincter was classified in 3rd and 4th grade. The SPSS 23 program was used for the statistical analysis. χ2 test and Student's t test were used to compare the groups, as well as Odds radio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI).
RESULTS:
A total of 6199 women were included. The average age was 26.5 years, birth weight of 2745 grams on average, forceps were placed in 6.9% (n = 428). The frequency of obstetric lesion of the anal sphincter was 1.03% (n = 65) in the study period. The following risk factors were found to be associated with anal sphincterinjury use of forceps OR 22.4 (95% CI 13.3-36.7, p <0.001), primiparity OR 2.8 (95% CI 1.68-4.93 p < 0.001.