Abstract
Obesity and
dyslipidemia are conditions often associated with
cardiovascular risk,
inflammation,
oxidative stress, and
death. Thus, a new approach has been highlighted to promote
research and development of pharmacological tools derived from natural sources. Among the most widely studied groups of substances,
polyphenols such as
tyramine stand out. This study investigated hypolipidemic and anti-
obesity properties of
tyramine. Oral
toxicity evaluation, models of
dyslipidemia and
obesity were used. To induce
dyslipidemia,
Poloxamer-407 (P-407) was administered intraperitoneally. In the hypercholesterolemic and
obesity model, specific
diet and oral
tyramine were provided. After 24h of P-407
administration,
tyramine 2 mg/kg (T2) decreased
triglycerides (TG) (2057.0 ± 158.5 mg/dL vs. 2838 ± 168.3 mg/dL). After 48h, TG were decreased by T2 (453.0 ± 35.47 vs. 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL) and 4 mg/kg (T4) (605.8 ± 26.61 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL). T2 reduced total
cholesterol (TC) after 24h (309.0 ± 11.17 mg/dL vs. 399.7 ± 15.7 mg/dL); After 48h, 1 mg/kg (T1) (220.5 ± 12.78 mg/dL), T2 (205.8 ± 7.1 mg/dL) and T4 (216.8 ± 12.79 mg/dL), compared to P-407 (275.5 ± 12.1 mg/dL). The
treatment decreased
thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and
nitrite in
liver, increased
superoxide dismutase, reduced the
diet-induced
dyslipidemia, decreasing TC around 15%.
Tyramine reduced body mass,
glucose, and TC after hypercaloric feed.
Treatment with 5 mg/L (0.46 ± 0.04 ng/dL) and 10 mg/L (0.44 ± 0.02 ng/dL) reduced
plasma insulin (1.18 ± 0.23 ng/dL).
Tyramine increased
adiponectin at 5 mg/L (1.02 ± 0.02 vs. 0.83 ± 0.02 ng/mL) and 10mg/L (0.96 ± 0.04 ng/mL). In conclusion,
tyramine has low
toxicity in
rodents, has
antioxidant effect, reduces
plasma triglycerides and
cholesterol levels. However, further studies should be conducted in
rodents and non-
rodents to better understand the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of
tyramine